Antibody-mediated rejection has emerged as the leading cause of late graft loss in kidney
transplant recipients, and inhibition of donor-specific antibody production should lead to
improved transplant outcomes. The fusion protein cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein
4–immunoglobulin (CTLA4-Ig) blocks T cell activation and consequently inhibits T-
dependent B cell antibody production, and the current paradigm is that CTLA4-Ig is effective
with naïve T cells and less so with activated or memory T cells. In this study, we used a …